Motor Control Circuit
Safety & PPE
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required when handling an energized running electric motor.
wear rubber gloves
wear safety shoe when standing near an electric motor
Precautions
do not wear any metal object on body when comes near to an energized electric motor.
use proper insulated tools when working on an electric motor.
use testpen to check if metalframe of motor body is earth properly.
Reminder:
The body of an electric motor are made of metal, when motor is operating, the magnetic field exist and may cause electric static charge to happen when any metal object is near to this magnetic field in operation.
安全与个人防护装备
处理通电运行的电动机时需要个人防护装备 (PPE)。
戴橡胶手套
站在电动机附近时请穿安全鞋
防范措施
靠近通电的电动机时，请勿在身上佩戴任何金属物体。
在电动机上工作时使用适当的绝缘工具。
用测试笔检查电机本体金属框架是否良好接地。
提醒 :
电动机的本体是由金属制成的，电动机在运转时存在磁场，当运转中的金属物体靠近该磁场时，可能会产生静电荷。
Motor Control and Power circuit
电机控制和电源电路
Motor Starter Circuit
Basically motor control starters identified:
direct-online
star-delta starter (voltage reduction starter)
auto-transformer (voltage reduction method)
primary resistance starter (using resistors to limit current during starting)
inverter drive (known as soft starter)
电机启动电路
基本上确定了电机控制启动器：
direct-online
star-delta starter (降压启动器 )
auto-transformer (降压法 )
primary resistance starter (使用电阻来限制启动期间的电流 )
inverter drive (称为软启动器 )
Technology changes in motor starters
Resistor are used to control and limits the current flowing to motor.
Induction device to control and limits the current flowing to motor.
ACVV - Alternating Current Variable Voltage - using electronics and power diodes to control current flow operating via power diode or silicon control rectifier methods.
VVVF - Variable Voltage Variable Frequency - using electronics PCB to control over supply frequency and creating a smooth operation flow and speed can be effectively controlled by using frequency manipulation.
电机启动器的技术变革
电阻器用于控制和限制流向电机的电流。 感应装置控制和限制流向电机的电流。
ACVV - 交流可变电压 - 使用电子器件和功率二极管来控制通过功率二极管或硅控制整流器方法运行的电流。
VVVF - 可变电压变频 - 使用电子 PCB 来控制电源频率并创建平稳的操作流程，并且可以通过使用频率操纵来有效控制速度。
Protection for motor
Electric Motor must be protected from the following fault.
overload - using overload device
short circuit - using mold case circuit breaker for three phase motor.
earth fault - add on earth leakage relay
电机保护
必须保护电动机免受以下故障的影响。
overload - 使用过载装置
短路-使用三相电机的塑壳断路器。
接地故障-添加漏电继电器
Star Delta | Motor Control and Power circuit
星三角 | 电机控制和电源电路
Operation of star-delta:
When press START button, SP and LC contactor will 'MAKE' and supply flow through the LINE (LC) contactor and STAR (SP) contactor. This produce 240 volt supplying the motor. The operated is control by timer relay within 6 seconds. After timer reach end, the circuit will switch to steps 2.
After timer reach end, the STAR contactor will 'BREAK' then DELTA (DC) contactor will 'MAKE' while LINE (LC) contactor remains no changes. This event will then allowing full supply 415 volt to flow to the electric motor.
星三角运行 :
当按下启动按钮时，SP 和 LC 接触器将“接通”并通过 LINE (LC) 接触器和 STAR (SP) 接触器供电。 这会产生 240 伏电压，为电机供电。 操作由定时器继电器在6秒内控制。 定时器到达结束后，电路将切换到步骤2。
定时器到达结束后，星形接触器将“断开”，然后 DELTA (DC) 接触器将“接通”，而线路 (LC) 接触器保持不变。 此事件将允许 415 伏特的全部电源流向电动机。
Requirement:
Timer relay is set delay about 6 seconds, this is to allow voltage stabilized at 240 volts before step up higher voltage to 415 volts. If the delay timer set longer, may damage the motor winding.
Ensure the three phase cable is correctly wired according to T1(Red), T2(Yellow) and T3(blue) to avoid reverse operation of the electric motor.
Ensure all the wiring termination is done and secure to the terminal.
Ensure the overload device is operation correctly, it is advisable to test trip the overload device to ensure protection against over-current is working.
Suitable motor rating and applications for this Star-Delta motor control circuit.
light torque connected such as fan blower
high speed or fast
maximum not more than 10 horse power (10 HP) or < 7.46 kW.
要求 :
定时器继电器设置延迟约6秒，这是为了让电压稳定在240伏，然后再升压至415伏。 如果延时定时器设置较长，可能会损坏电机绕组。
确保三相电缆按照T1（红）、T2（黄）、T3（蓝）正确接线，避免电机反转。
确保所有接线端接均已完成并固定到端子上。
确保过载装置正常工作，建议对过载装置进行试跳，以确保过流保护功能正常工作。
适用于该星三角电机控制电路的电机额定值和应用。
轻扭矩连接，如风扇鼓风机
高速或快速
最大不超过 10 马力 (10 HP) 或 < 7.46 kW。
Auto-Transformer | Motor Control Circuit and Power Circuit
自耦变压器 | 电机控制电路及电源电路
Operation of auto-transforer:
When press START button, Transformer contactor (TC) and Star (SP) contactor will 'MAKE' and supply flow through the TRANSFORMER winding. This produce voltage reduction starter of 290 volt supplying the motor. The operated is control by timer relay within 6~8 seconds. After timer reach end, the circuit will switch to steps 2.
After timer reach end, the STAR contactor (SP) and TRANSFORMER contactor (TC) will 'BREAK' then LINE (LC) contactor will 'MAKE'. This event will then allowing full supply 415 volt to flow to the electric motor.
自耦变压器的操作 :
当按下启动按钮时，变压器接触器 (TC) 和星形接触器 (SP) 将“接通”并通过变压器绕组供电。 这会产生 290 伏的降压启动器，为电机供电。 操作由定时器继电器控制，时间为6~8秒。 定时器到达结束后，电路将切换到步骤2
定时器到达结束后，星形接触器 (SP) 和变压器接触器 (TC) 将“断开”，然后线路 (LC) 接触器将“接通”。 此事件将允许 415 伏特的全部电源流向电动机。
Requirement:
Timer relay is set delay about 8 seconds, this is to allow voltage stabilized at 290 volts before step up higher voltage to 415 volts. If the delay timer set longer, may damage the motor winding.
Ensure the three phase cable is correctly wired according to T1(Red), T2(Yellow) and T3(blue) to avoid reverse operation of the electric motor.
Ensure all the wiring termination is done and secure to the terminal.
Ensure the overload device is operation correctly, it is advisable to test trip the overload device to ensure protection against over-current is working.
Suitable motor rating and applications for this Auto-transformer motor control circuit.
heavy torque mechanical connected such as chain sprocket, roller, etc
slow speed or slow operation
at least greater than 10 horse power (>10 HP) or 8 kW higher.
要求 :
定时器继电器设置延迟约8秒，这是为了让电压稳定在290伏，然后再升压至415伏。 如果延时定时器设置较长，可能会损坏电机绕组。
确保三相电缆按照T1（红）、T2（黄）、T3（蓝）正确接线，避免电机反转。
确保所有接线端接均已完成并固定到端子上。
确保过载装置正常工作，建议对过载装置进行试跳，以确保过流保护功能正常工作。
适用于该自耦变压器电机控制电路的电机额定值和应用。
大扭矩机械连接如链轮、滚子等
速度慢或操作慢
至少大于 10 马力 (>10 HP) 或更高 8 kW。